Authorization assertions permit or deny access to specific resources--a file, device, Web page, specific database field or actions, like updating a list of phone numbers. The trade-off of, say, micromanaging access down to the field level of a database, of course, is that you have to develop and maintain a large security policy. But given recent regulations such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, this kind of detailed security management is a necessity in the financial, health-care and insurance industries.
SAML attribute assertions let you authorize users to access certain information in an application based on their "VIP-Status" or "Member_Level." (For more on assertions, see "The Three As").
SAML protocols define the format of requests and responses. All SAML exchanges, for instance, assume a trust relationship between the requestor--the application being requested--and the responder. Both parties must reference the same subject, so there's only one subject named "Bruce," for example, in the SecurityDomain "nwcinc.com."
Each request and response has a common header and is defined in a SAML document with the name space samlp. All SAML assertions are prefixed with the namespace saml, and each of the three types of assertions has a corresponding request protocol (see "Request and Response" at left).
Aside from the basic protocols, SAML also defines artifacts for browser redirection and single sign-on. An artifact is a pointer to a SAML assertion so that the application or Web server can retrieve the assertion. An artifact is small--less than 64 KB.
Bindings and Profiles
Subsea cable alternatives can provide a level of comfort for those concerned about disruptions. Realistically, they will continue to play a small, but critical role in the short term.
Maintaining existing network infrastructures often incurs huge technical debt before newer technologies are adopted over time.
Amid ongoing regional uncertainties, telecom infrastructure in the Middle East has expand to include terrestrial low-latency network infrastructure, which offers resilience and agility in navigating political complexities without relying solely on undersea networks.
