Although that option remains part of the most recent Liberty Alliance spec, Version 1.2, it's no longer encouraged because cookie management and reading cookies across domains pose security risks--and raise the ire of privacy-minded consumers.
The new version also recommends OASIS' SAML as a way to pass identity information between two sites. SAML is an XML framework for exchanging authentication and authorization data between different security systems and Web services. With SAML, identity information is hidden for privacy reasons so it can't be traced to the user. This provides better security for personal data, but requires a high level of trust between the service provider and identity provider.
The Liberty Alliance spec includes two methods of passing this information among the identity provider, user agent (browser) and service provider, both of which use browser-redirection (see "A Federation of Federations").
One method is to use HTTP get to pass a SAML assertion (a statement about an end user, such as an attribute). The catch is that the length of the URL and assertion can't exceed the browser's URL-length limitations. Another method is HTTP post, which doesn't have such a restriction. HTTP post lets you embed a SAML assertion within an HTML form to pass it between providers. The downside of this approach, however, is that it's more difficult to code and requires scripting to transfer the browser automatically between the service provider and the identity provider.
A SAML artifact, which is a pointer to a SAML assertion, is often used and passed via HTTP get to make implementation smoother for the browser. For the service provider to retrieve the full SAML assertion, the identifier must be visible, albeit opaque.
Subsea cable alternatives can provide a level of comfort for those concerned about disruptions. Realistically, they will continue to play a small, but critical role in the short term.
Maintaining existing network infrastructures often incurs huge technical debt before newer technologies are adopted over time.
Amid ongoing regional uncertainties, telecom infrastructure in the Middle East has expand to include terrestrial low-latency network infrastructure, which offers resilience and agility in navigating political complexities without relying solely on undersea networks.
