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Optimizing iSCSI & VMware: Page 2 of 4

Those of you that have already upgraded to 10 Gbit/s Ethernet can skip this recommendation, but remember to turn on flow control and RSTP/Portfast on ISLs and disable spanning tree altogether, including filtering spanning tree PDUs, on server and array-facing ports.

2) Because VMware ESX 3.5 doesn't support multiple connections per target session or multiple sessions per target, it will bottleneck at 160 Mbit/s, accessing a single target regardless of how much bandwidth you throw at it. Also, VMware's iSCSI multipathing only provides failover for any given session, not load balancing, so multiple Ethernet connections -- even if the links are aggregated -- to the same target won't add performance.

The answer is to use more targets. With EqualLogic and Lefthand's implementation of iSCSI, each LUN is a target so creating multiple LUNs, say one for each 1-4 VMs, will balance the connections across multiple links. With Clariions and NetApp filers, each physical interface is a target with multiple LUNs behind it so you can manually load balance. It could be different for other systems; check with your vendor for how to create multiple targets.

ESX 4 should support multiple sessions per target, mostly solving the problem

3) Jumbo frames, if they're supported and enabled end to end, are a good thing -- but they only have a marginal effect on performance and CPU utilization, up to 5 percent. They're most helpful on large block transfers like backups and don't help database apps much at all.