H.323: This granddaddy of convergence standards was approved by the ITU back in 1996 and is still going strong. See www.packetizer.com/iptel/h323/.
H.248: Aka MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) and Megaco, this IETF and ITU standard goes beyond H.323 by specifying control of multiple gateways. See www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-megaco-h248v2-01.txt.
SIP: RFC 2543 Session Initiation Protocol is an IETF standard that enables communication of multimedia elements, such as voice, chat and video. See www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2543.txt?number=2543.
802.1p: An IEEE standard. Provides QoS on Layer 2 by assigning user priority values.
802.1q: An IEEE standard governing VLANs. See www.ieee802.org/1/pages/802.1Q.html.
For more details, see InternetWeek's VoIP glossary and InformationWeek's "Settling On Standards."